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Youth in rural South Africa have taken a leadership role in promoting safer sex.


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BOTSWANA
HIV-positive Mothers Not Convinced to Exclusively Breastfeed
By Alma Balopi
GABORONE - "An HIV-positive woman must never be encouraged to breastfeed because regardless of what the doctors or researchers say - it is too dangerous for the baby," says Koziba Kelatlhe an HIV-positive mother who was advised by health workers not to breastfeed her child.
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500,000 Pregnant Women at Risk in Pakistan Floods
By Aprille Muscara
UNITED NATIONS - Aid groups and U.N. agencies are raising the alarm over the vulnerability of pregnant women and babies in flood ravaged Pakistan.
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UGANDA
Unfriendly Nurses and Culture Hinder Male Involvement in HIV Prevention
By Wambi Michael
MBALE, Uganda - Irene Wangolo was advised to undergo an HIV test during her antenatal visit and to return to the clinic with her husband so they could be counselled on preventing HIV transmission to their unborn baby. But her husband refused to accompany her saying it was not his business and Wangolo never returned to the clinic in Bungokho in eastern Uganda. So she missed all the services, including the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
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ZIMBABWE
Children Crossing Borders in Search of HIV Treatment
By Ignatius Banda
PLUMTREE, Zimbabwe - A new type of migration is taking place in Zimbabwe. While in the past people crossed the borders into South Africa and Botswana seeking work and fleeing from their repressive circumstances, now a silent migration of HIV-positive children seeking antiretroviral treatment (ART) is taking place.
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HEALTH-KENYA
Attempts to Modernise Traditional Circumcision Rites
By Susan Anyangu-Amu
NAIROBI - During every year that ends in an even number, the month of August is a special occasion for young men in Kenya’s Western Province. During this month thousands of boys aged between 10 and 18 undergo male circumcision – something that is seen as an important rite of passage into manhood among their communities. But it is also a time were nearly half the young men circumcised will have to fight for their lives.
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HEALTH-UGANDA
Breastfeeding Dilemma for HIV-positive Mothers
By Evelyn Matsamura Kiapi
KAMPALA - The new World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendation that HIV-positive mothers on antiretroviral therapy (ARVs) can exclusively breastfeed their babies for up to twelve months without infecting them has created confusion among HIV-positive mothers in Uganda as information about the new guidelines struggles to reach them.
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SWAZILAND
Finding Ways to Care for HIV Orphans
By Mantoe Phakathi
KANGCAMPHALALA, Swaziland - In the poor, drought-stricken community of Kangcamphalala, AIDS orphan Nomvula Dladla* is in tears. The 17-year-old has been told that her aunt, the only surviving relative she could live with, passed away a few hours ago of an HIV-related illness. And if she had been living anywhere else in the country, it would have made Dladla destitute.
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SOUTH AFRICA
"Children are Dying Needlessly"
By Kristin Palitza
CAPE TOWN - By the time Thandi Khumalo* brought her seven-month-old daughter to the Red Cross Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, help came too late. The infant had developed acute diarrhoea and kwashiorkor, a condition caused by severe protein and calorie deficiency, and died a few days after being admitted.
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ZIMBABWE
Rural Children with HIV a ‘Lost Cause’
By Fidelis Zvomuya
GURUVE, Zimbabwe - Eleven-year-old Irene Thembo* lies curled like a foetus on a white wooden bench for outpatients at a clinic in rural Zimbabwe. The orphan, whose parents died of HIV-related illnesses, is terribly sick.
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SOUTHERN AFRICA
Youth Vulnerable to Violence
By Zukiswa Zimela and Kelvin Kachingwe
JOHANNESBURG and LUSAKA - James Banda, 27, is an unemployed youth although he occasionally is hired to act as a bus conductor at Lusaka’s Kulima Tower Bus Station. He may not have a permanent job, but it is easy to find him. Anyone looking for him just has to go to the bus station and ask. Everyone knows who he is. Banda, or ‘ba-Jay’ as people call him, is a young man who commands a lot of respect from his friends – he is a thug for hire.
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ZIMBABWE
Pregnant Teens Shun HIV Treatment for Fear of Stigmatisation
By Ignatius Banda
BULAWAYO - At a local maternity clinic in one of Bulawayo’s high density suburbs, midwives are at pains to explain to a pregnant 15-year-old girl why she must be tested for HIV before she gives birth.
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SOUTH AFRICA
Trauma of Children Caring for HIV-Positive Parents
By Laure Pichegru
JOHANNESBURG - Nine-year-old Nomasonto* had no choice but to switch roles with her mother and care for the HIV-positive woman who gave birth to her. Instead of worrying about homework and going out to play with her friends, Nomasonto’s daily concerns were now a matter of life and death.
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MALAWI
Concerns over Cost of New HIV/AIDS Treatment Regime
By Claire Ngozo
LILONGWE - As government implements a new HIV/AIDS treatment regimen according to latest world standards, a major grouping of non-governmental organisations are concerned that the high cost of the new medication will mean government will no longer be able provide free treatment to as many people as before.
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Farming the future: sustaining smallholder farmers in RSSSub-Saharan Africa continues to register high levels of HIV prevalence. By focusing on the most vulnerable and marginalized ­ children ­ who remain largely invisible in the epidemic, “Children on the Frontline” seeks to ensure that it can help shape policies and inform Africa’s leadership on the specific needs and issues facing children effected and affected by HIV/AIDS. IPS Africa reporters in East and Southern Africa will seek to humanize the impact of the pandemic, demonstrate the challenges and highlight the types of solutions that can contribute to improving children’s lives by focusing on:
• Prevention of mother to child transmission
• Providing paediatric treatment and care
• Preventing infection among adolescents and young people
• Protection and care for children affected by AIDS

Nasseem Ackburally discovers that Mauritian youth find safe sex boring.
Lameck Masina reports that HIV/Aids orphans in Malawi struggle to make ends meet.
Samantha Smit spends a day with an HIV positive teenager, Sesi, who says she hates taking ARVs.
PMTC is yet to gain a foothold in Uganda. Wambi Michael reports.
In Women's Words --  Zooming In on Children Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS

Ethical guidelines for Journalists
UNICEF - Children and HIV and AIDS

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